CCL2 and neoplasm: Analogous immunopathological patterns have been documented in breast malignancies, wherein IL-17A orchestrates a pro-tumorigenic cytokine-chemokine cascade—including IL-6, TGF-β, IL-1 isoforms, IL-8, TNF ligands, CXCL1, and CCL2—to reinforce a tumour-supportive stromal niche [209,210].