Group-specific miRNA–protein correlations, such as miR-524-5p’s inverse association with IGFBP-2 in the GDM-LGA group (r = −0.403, p = 0.0121), and positive correlations between miR-516a-5p or miR-518f-5p with IGF-1, further support dynamic interactions modulated by maternal metabolic status. Here, IGFBP2 is linked to gestational diabetes.