IGFBP5 and Large for gestational age: IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 emerged as significant independent predictors of LGA birth in adjusted models (OR = 2.515 and 2.402, respectively; p < 0.001), consistent with prior studies linking first-trimester IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratios to macrosomia [23].