Accordingly, NSC 95397, a quinone-based inhibitor of DUSP1 and DUSP6 [35], reduces the viability and induces apoptosis of CC cells (SW480, SW620 and DLD-1) by increasing p21 expression and caspase-3 activity via enhanced expression of ERK1/2 [36]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and cholangiocarcinoma.