In this regard, PDK4 is exclusive to muscle and adipose tissues, and due to known inducibility by a variety of factors, such as starvation, diabetes, an increase in free fatty acids, and glucocorticoid administration [108], it is a prominent candidate to describe the response of rat cardiac PDHC to thiamine supplementation, whereas PDK3 may mediate the PDHC function in the rat brain. The gene discussed is PDK4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.