INS and Insulin resistance: This study found that key predictors of GDM emergence included a higher BMI (29.0 vs. 25.8 kg/m2), advanced maternal age (34 vs. 32 years), increased hemoglobin A1c levels (5.5% vs. 5.2%), higher fasting insulin concentrations (10.6 vs. 7.1 μIU/mL), greater insulin resistance as measured by the HOMA-IR (2.2 vs. 1.7), elevated total cholesterol levels (199 vs. 171 mg/dL), and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (123 vs. 105 mg/dL).