INS and gestational diabetes: At 12 weeks, important predictors of GDM included increased maternal weight gain (Δ: 3.4 vs. 1.5 kg) along with elevated insulin levels (11.3 vs. 7.6 μIU/mL), triglycerides (178 vs. 120 mg/dL), and HOMA-IR (2.3 vs. 1.5).