In a study by Pusztai et al. involving RA and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients initiating TNF-α inhibitor therapy, CRP levels were significantly associated with several vascular biomarkers, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein/β2-glycoprotein I (oxLDL/β2-GPI) complexes, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and antibodies against 60 kDa heat shock protein (anti-Hsp60). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.