TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The article emphasizes that obesity causes immune cell hyperactivation (M1, Th17 macrophages) as part of a chronic inflammatory process, which naturally leads to a massive release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), which in turn can suppress miR-142 biogenesis through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (excess NF-κB disrupts pre-microRNA processing), which can also accelerate miR-142 degradation through RNA polymerase induction.