TXNRD1 and epilepsy: In a PTZ seizure mouse model for evaluation of epilepsy [51], the protein expression levels of thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), thioredoxin-like 1 protein (TXNL1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) were upregulated in the cortex of both acute and chronic groups.