INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: Firstly, autoimmune diseases manifest more frequently in association with PCOS, which can be partially explained by their shared genetic susceptibility (e.g., FBN3, CYP1B1, and GnRHR have common polymorphisms in autoimmune thyroiditis and PCOS [33]), and epigenetic [49,50] or hormonal dysregulation occurring in individuals with autoimmunity (e.g., hyperinsulinism in women with type 1 diabetes treated with subcutaneous insulin injections [47,48]).