EPHA2 and colorectal carcinoma: Primeaux V., with co-authors, demonstrated that CLDN1 regulates ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), a tyrosine kinase, which activates the AKT signaling pathway and regulates CD44 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thereby promoting the stemness of CRC and chemoresistance [31].