SERPINE1 and infection: Other genes upregulated with the infection of ECs are VCAM1, ICAM1, SELE, and SELP, encoding the cytoadhesins VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin, respectively; TF (thrombotic modulator tissue factor, also referred to as F3); TFPI (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI); THBD (encoding the protein thrombomodulin); and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) that inhibits fibrinolysis [27].