VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Factors like ROS and hyperglycemia also trigger antiangiogenic protein factors such as Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), Angiostatin, Interleukin-12 (IL-12), and Transforming Growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to be upregulated, and downregulation of the capillary maturation factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1).