HDAC4 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: In diabetic cardiomyopathy, catalpol reduced myocardial injury by the nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (Neat1)/miR-140-5p/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) pathway, and improved neointimal hyperplasia in hyperglycemic rats through the downregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in the carotid artery [151].