This study aims to investigate the association between the IL-10:c.-149+1984T>G, IL-10:c.-149+2474T>C, NOS3:c.-149+1691C>T, and NOS3:c.894T>G gene variants and susceptibility to RDS, in order to determine whether these variants play a measurable role in the development of RDS in this population and contribute new insights to the global effort of understanding genetic influences on neonatal lung disease. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome.