To investigate the association between IL-10 rs1800872 (c.-149+1984T>G), IL-10 rs1800896 (c.-149+2474T>C), and NOS3 rs2070744 (c.-149+1691C>T), NOS3 rs1799983 (c.894T>G) variants and the risk of RDS in a Romanian cohort of preterm neonates. The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.