This study addresses this gap by analyzing the genotype and allele distributions of IL-10 rs1800872 (c.-149+1984T>G), IL-10:c.-149+2474T>C, NOS3:c.-149+1691C>T, and NOS3:c.894T>G variants in a group of neonates diagnosed with RDS compared to a matched control group. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome.