This study found two osteoarthritis treatments with benefits related to all-cause mortality (exercise and GLP-1 RAs), one treatment with harm related to all-cause mortality (opioids), one treatment with time-dependent effects (arthroplasty with short-to-medium-term benefits that eventually reverse in the longer term) and other treatments with no consistent associations, such as paracetamol and NSAIDs. This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and osteoarthritis.