IGF1 and cancer: For instance, growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and ligands from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family can regulate the Hippo signaling pathway by activating receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer cells, which can stimulate other signaling pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT and lead to YAP activation [61,63].