CDKN1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: However, HBP was able to down-regulate the overexpression of CDKN1A, which interacts with other T2DM-related genes, such as Sox9 and Serpine1, and is responsible for modulating signaling pathways, including HIF-1, FoxO, p53, PI3K-Akt, and Jak-STAT.