Integrated approaches combining vascular normalization with stroma-targeting agents (e.g., FAP or TGF-β inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockade, as evidenced by clinical trials (e.g., NCT03394287 for VEGFR2 inhibitor and anti-PD-1 combinations), aim to overcome resistance and enhance outcomes in BC [139]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is breast cancer.