Prior studies have shown that the NLR may correlate with specific outcomes in certain histologies; for example, in stage IV NSCLC, a high baseline NLR was associated with the development of brain metastases particularly in adenocarcinoma [44], and a dynamic NLR remained prognostic after accounting for EGFR mutation status and PD-L1 expression [43]. Here, CD274 is linked to adenocarcinoma.