TNF and neoplasm: Macrophages are the primary producers of numerous molecules that facilitate tumor angiogenesis, such as VEGFA, CXCL8 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8), PlGF (placental growth factor), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), MMPs, and cathepsins [14].