The enriched pathways (Supplementary Table S3A–H) included MAPK, mTOR, FOXO, TNF, AKT, p53, apoptosis, RAP1, and ErbB signaling, which are well established in bladder cancer pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance [48,51,52,53,54,55]. Here, TNF is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.