In a Transwell-based cell invasion assay in which the porous membrane was pre-coated with a layer of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein mixture, TGFβ stimulated A549 lung cancer cell invasion through ECM, and treatment with CA3 or MGH-CP1 suppressed the pro-invasion effects of TGFβ (Figure 4D). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and lung cancer.