NFKB1 and neoplasm: Collectively, strong evidence from in vitro models and spaceflight studies indicates that μg can systematically compromise tumor cell stability by inhibiting survival networks (NF-κB, Bcl-2, mTORC1), disrupting mechanical sensors (YAP1), impairing adhesion (FAK, RhoA), and triggering apoptosis via multiple converging pathways (p53, PARP1, p21, Bax).