On the other hand, the secretion of TGFβ1, NO, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by ECs stimulates fibroblast proliferation and migration, transforming fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which allow more extracellular matrix secretion to promote myocardial fibrosis [127,128]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.