In animal models of cognitive impairment induced by diabetes mellitus and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (DM/CCH), curcumin exhibited protective effects by inhibiting microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation, modulating the TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, attenuating apoptosis, and reducing NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis [160]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.