MAPK3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Additionally, another study indicated that stimulation of the 7-nAChR receptor increased pancreatic cancer metastasis through the activation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 signaling pathway and the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways [125].