Furthermore, metabolic reprograming towards aerobic glycolysis induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), TGF-β1 or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced by tumor cells, activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway [96] contributing to the differentiation of fibroblasts into CAFs. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.