Importantly, PD-associated mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) and GBA (encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase) intimately linked to autophagic and lysosomal pathways—have been shown to impair α-synuclein clearance in astrocytes, leading to intracellular accumulation and enhanced neurotoxicity in co-culture models [60,70]. The gene discussed is GBA1; the disease is Parkinson disease.