For instance, upregulated generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and defective mitochondrial dynamic balance can lead to the misfolding of amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, affecting tau protein kinase activation and phosphatase inhibition, thus causing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease [154]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.