Given that iron affects helper T cell 1 (Th1) differentiation via modulation of TIM-3 expression and that Salmonella-specific CD4+ Th1 cells are crucial for effective host response against these pathogens, the uncovering of the role of TIM-3 in the immune control of bacterial infection under iron loading conditions would generate important information for the treatment of patients at risk. Here, CD4 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.