C3AR1 and liver dysplastic nodule: The results of H&E staining showed that the kidney tissue of control rats were morphologically and structurally intact and clearly visible; whereas DN model rats had severe renal dysfunction, mainly manifested in glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage and inflammatory lymphocyte infiltration; the interference with C3AR1 reduced inflammatory lymphocyte infiltration and alleviated the pathological damage of the kidney tissues in DN rats (Fig 9I).