ALB and cirrhosis of liver: While recent research has focused on developing simpler indicators like the international normalized ratio-to-albumin ratio [26], lactate-to-albumin ratio [27], and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [28] to facilitate rapid prognosis assessment in patients with liver cirrhosis, there remains a critical need for even more straightforward and accessible indicators to guide clinicians in the timely management of critically ill patients.