While local IFN-γ production might be necessary for full control of infection in B6 mice, additional research has shown effects of T cell-mediated IFN-γ independent mechanisms that contribute to control of infection, including through GM-CSF production by CD4 T cells (Rothchild et al., 2014; Rothchild et al., 2017; Van Dis et al., 2022) and the production of IL-17 (Gallegos et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and infection.