ESR1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: The results revealed that c-Fos protein expression was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls (1.540 ± 0.304 vs. 0.743 ± 0.309, P = 0.033), while ERα expression was significantly lower in the PCOS group (0.533 ± 0.206 vs. 1.400 ± 0.185, P = 0.006).