These results demonstrate IL-32 to be a biomarker and CVD modulator in rheumatic diseases [19]. High IL-32 expression may support the decision to initiate or escalate anti-inflammatory treatment in RA patients with increased vascular risk. The IL-32 polymorphism may also hold prognostic value, though further studies are needed to confirm its clinical utility. The gene discussed is IL32; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.