Although both subtypes share fundamental driving factors such as age and hypertension, PWMH was more significantly associated with coronary heart disease and abnormal renal function markers (e.g., creatinine), whereas DWMH was independently driven by metabolic-microvascular interactive factors including smoking, diabetes mellitus, and β2-microglobulin abnormalities. The gene discussed is HLA-G; the disease is hypertensive disorder.