Magnolol, a natural phenolic compound derived from Magnolia officinalis, alleviates CUMS-induced depression by suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 microglial polarization and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 polarization through the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NLRP3 signaling pathway (173). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and major depressive disorder.