Therapeutically targeting this pathway, for example, through transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, can suppress microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviate diabetes-related depression induced by a high-fat diet via modulation of the P2X7R/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex (37). Here, NLRP3 is linked to major depressive disorder.