PDCD1 and neoplasm: The search strategies employed included: “(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) AND (combination)”, “(Bevacizumab) AND (combination)”, “(Nivolumab) AND (combination)”, “(Atezolizumab) AND (combination)”, “(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) AND (traditional Chinese medicine)”, “(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) AND (decoction)”, “(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) AND (injection solution)”, “(PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) AND (compound preparations)”, “(ICIs) AND (chemotherapy)” etc. The keywords used included: tumor, cancer, combination therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, ICIs, among others.