LIF and neoplasm: showed that HPV E6/E7-induced LIF (via NFκB) suppresses CXCL9 in tumor-associated Macrophages (TAMs) and type I IFN in pDCs, highlighting CXCL9 as a functional biomarker—its reactivation upon LIF blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) (8).