In recent years, various immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) classes have proven efficacy in treatment for HCC (48–53). Here, CTLA4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.