CXCL8 and infection: In the S. chromogenes positive group, the correlated genes of the two hub SNORNAs (downregulated SNORD49 and upregulated SNORA79; Fig. 7) suggest they may mediate the upregulation of various pro-inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL8, IKBKB, TRAF3, NFKB1; Supplemental Fig. S3) which are involved in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by regulating inflammation locally and systematically via the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the site of infection [73] via the IL-17 signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway among others (Supplemental Table 6O–R).