Intracerebroventricular infusion of a selective corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor blocker in juveniles or adults (Ivy et al., 2010; Short et al., 2020), systemic administration of a TrkB agonist (7,8-dihydroxyflavone; Sun et al., 2023), or manipulation of the maternal diet during key developmental periods (Naninck et al., 2017; Yam et al., 2019; Geertsema et al., 2024; Reemst et al., 2024) improved hippocampal-dependent cognitive dysfunction. This evidence concerns the gene NTRK2 and substance dependence.