Neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET), often combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have identified increased expression of the translocator protein (TSPO)—a marker of microglial activation—in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and hippocampus of individuals with depression (103, 104). The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is major depressive disorder.