SMC4 and central nervous system cancer: Notably, SMC4 expression exhibited a grade-dependent increase across independent cohorts (GSE4290, CGGA_301, CGGA_325, CGGA_693; Figure 1C, Supplementary Figures 1C–E), with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of ProteinAtlas-derived normal cortex and glioma tissues mirroring this trend at the protein level (Figure 1D), consistent with mRNA expression patterns.