PDCD1 and neoplasm: Preclinical studies further validated this strategy: the humanized CD40 agonist KHK2840 enhanced PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in syngeneic models, significantly augmenting Th1 cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), elevating DC infiltration within tumors, and concomitantly increasing intratumoral CD8+ T cell populations in MC-38 murine colon carcinoma models (30).