EIF2AK3 and breast cancer: The by oleic acid stimulated pERK pathway in granulosa cells has also been reported for other somatic cell types, including bovine mammary epithelial cells, breast cancer cells, and smooth muscle cells where exposure to oleic acid likewise resulted in a rapid increase in pERK (Matoba et al., 2018; Soto-Guzman et al., 2008; Yonezawa et al., 2008).