In AD, when the function of the BBB is impaired, neurotoxic proteins such as beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and Tau protein cannot be effectively cleared and will accumulate in the cerebral blood vessels and brain parenchyma, accelerating neuronal damage and neurodegeneration (Lee et al., 2022; Feng et al., 2020; Kaji et al., 2024). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.