TGFB1 and Nephropathy: Supplementation with 500 mg turmeric capsules, containing 22 mg of curcumin as the active ingredient, in type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to nephropathy for two months significantly lowered serum levels of TGF-β and IL-8, as well as urinary protein excretion (Khajehdehi et al., 2011).