SMCO4 and hydrops fetalis: Given that bulk RNA-seq analyses consistently identified disrupted fatty acid metabolism as a mitochondrial energy metabolism subtype associated with HF, and considering that the roles of CSDC2 and SMCO4 in cardiomyocyte lipid metabolism remain uncharacterized, we further investigated the functional contributions of CSDC2 and SMCO4 to fatty acid metabolism within cardiomyocytes of HF patients.