BRAF and melanoma: Plumbagin was shown to downregulate MAPK-related genes, including Map3k3, MAPK14, Braf, c-Myc, and MAPK1, and induce enhanced gene expression of Igfbp5 and Pten, thus promoting further activation of the MAPK pathway, and thus acting as an anti-invasive and anti-metastatic agent in melanoma B16F10 cells (Alem et al., 2020).